What is Sensory Integration Therapy?

Sensory Integration Therapy facilitates regulatory behaviours in children with autism.

Sensory Integration Therapy (SIT) has emerged as a holistic approach aimed at addressing sensory processing challenges in individuals, particularly those diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). This article explores the fundamental principles of sensory integration therapy and examines its potential benefits for children with autism, supported by relevant research.

Understanding Sensory Integration Therapy

Sensory Integration Therapy is grounded in the recognition that individuals with autism often exhibit difficulties in processing and interpreting sensory stimuli from their environment. According to Ayres (1972), the founder of sensory integration theory, the therapy seeks to facilitate the effective organisation and integration of sensory information, leading to improved motor coordination, attention, behaviour, and overall functional abilities.

Causes of Sensory Integration Difficulties in Autism

Neurological Factors: The neurological underpinnings of sensory processing difficulties in autism are complex. Studies have shown that individuals with autism often exhibit differences in neural connectivity and sensory processing regions of the brain (Belmonte et al., 2004). These differences may contribute to atypical responses to sensory stimuli.

Genetic Factors: Genetic factors play a role in the development of sensory processing issues in autism. Research suggests a strong genetic component in autism, and specific genetic variations may influence sensory perception and processing (Schaaf & Zoghbi, 2011). Understanding these genetic factors is crucial for tailoring interventions like sensory integration therapy.

Sensory Threshold Variability: Children with autism may have a heightened or diminished sensitivity to sensory stimuli. This variability in sensory thresholds can lead to overreactions (hypersensitivity) or underreactions (hyposensitivity) to stimuli in the environment, impacting their ability to navigate daily activities (Baranek et al., 2006).

Components of Sensory Integration Therapy

Sensory integration therapy is based on the work of Dr. Jean Ayres, who proposed that individuals with sensory processing difficulties could benefit from structured and therapeutic sensory experiences. Sensory integration therapy employs a variety of activities designed to provide controlled sensory input. These activities are individualised to address specific sensory needs and challenges faced by each child. Common interventions include swinging, brushing, bouncing on therapy balls, and other exercises aimed at stimulating or desensitising the senses.The structured nature of these activities creates a therapeutic environment where individuals can gradually adapt to various sensory stimuli.

Benefits of SIT for Children with Autism

Sensory Processing:

• Children with autism often struggle with processing sensory information, impacting their daily lives. Sensory integration therapy aims to enhance sensory processing skills, potentially leading to improved responses to environmental stimuli.

Enhanced Motor Coordination:

• Motor coordination difficulties are prevalent among children with autism. Sensory integration therapy incorporates activities targeting motor skills, contributing to enhanced coordination and motor planning (Miller, Coll, & Schoen, 2007).

Regulation of Sensory Responses:

• Sensory integration therapy focuses on regulating and normalising sensory responses, addressing hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. By providing controlled sensory input, the therapy helps individuals achieve a more balanced and appropriate response to stimuli (Schaaf et al., 2013).

  
  

Sensory integration therapy stands as a promising intervention for children with autism, addressing their unique sensory processing difficulties. While ongoing research continues to investigate its effectiveness, the therapy's individualised approach, supported by evidence, highlights its potential to enhance the sensory experiences and overall well-being of children on the autism spectrum. As we strive to refine therapeutic strategies for individuals with autism, sensory integration therapy remains a valuable tool in promoting their sensory development and functional capabilities.

Written by Sharon

References

Crafting Lives. (n.d.). Sensory integration therapy. Crafting Lives. https://craftinglives.com/sensory-integration-therapy/

Ayres, A. J. (1972). Sensory Integration and Learning Disorders. Western Psychological Services.

Baranek, G. T., David, F. J., Poe, M. D., Stone, W. L., & Watson, L. R. (2006). Sensory experiences questionnaire: Discriminating sensory features in young children with autism, developmental delays, and typical development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 47(6), 591-601.

Belmonte, M. K., Allen, G., Beckel-Mitchener, A., Boulanger, L. M., Carper, R. A., & Webb, S. J. (2004). Autism and abnormal development of brain connectivity. Journal of Neuroscience, 24(42), 9228-9231.

Schaaf, C. P., & Zoghbi, H. Y. (2011). Solving the autism puzzle a few pieces at a time. Neuron, 70(5), 806-808.

Miller, L. J., Coll, J. R., & Schoen, S. A. (2007). A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of Occupational Therapy for Children with Sensory Modulation Disorder. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(2), 228–238.

Schaaf, R. C., Benevides, T., Mailloux, Z., Faller, P., Hunt, J., Hooydonk, E. V., … Kelly, D. (2013). An Intervention for Sensory Difficulties in Children with Autism: A Randomized Trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(11), 2736–2746.